Diagram of 1-stage refrigeration system: Structure and operating principle

14-06-2024
5:00 pm

Thanks to its high applicability and many benefits in air conditioning and cooling, the 1-level refrigeration system diagram is being interested in and prioritized by businesses. Let's Tan Long Learn more about the structure and schematic diagram of a single-stage compression refrigeration system in the article below!

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General information about 1-stage cooling system

The 1-stage cooling system is one of the popular cooling solutions, used to cool large spaces such as factories, shopping malls, offices, restaurants, etc. Basically, this system creates steam to cool through the evaporation process of moisture in the air.

Outstanding features of the 1-level refrigeration system include powerful capacity, stable performance, high durability, wide compatibility, easy installation in buildings or spaces with small pipes, optimized load reduction thanks to multi-level equipment, and simple operation.

Single stage refrigeration system is used to cool large areas.

Detailed structure of 1-stage compression refrigeration system diagram

1-stage refrigeration system diagram Often used in cold storage warehouses, it has a fairly simple structure with the following parts:

Refrigeration compressor: Suction of low temperature and low pressure refrigerant vapor, then compress it into high temperature and high pressure vapor.
Condenser: Performs heat exchange and release, helping to lower temperature and pressure to convert the refrigerant into liquid form.
Liquid separator: Separates liquid gas from vapor gas.
Condenser: Air cooling and refrigeration.
Cold storage:

1-stage refrigeration system diagram

The schematic diagram of a single stage refrigeration system consists of only one compression stage. The refrigerant vapor from the evaporator is compressed directly by the compressor to the condenser. Below is a description of single stage refrigeration system diagram detail:

Compressor: Is the main part in cooling system, responsible for drawing refrigerant from the refrigeration equipment and compressing it to increase pressure and temperature. The compressor can be powered by electricity or by an internal combustion engine.
Condenser: Receives refrigerant from the compressor and transfers heat away from the system. The condenser may use a fan, evaporator coil, or other cooling methods to perform the cooling process.
Fan: Used to enhance airflow and heat transfer from the condenser, increasing cooling efficiency and ensuring that the temperature around the condenser is kept low.
Evaporator: Is the part that contains the refrigerant and has a large area to transfer heat to the air.
Piping: Used to transport refrigerant from the compressor to the condenser and vice versa.

However, this is only a brief description of a single stage refrigeration system diagram. In reality, there may be many different variations and accessories used in the refrigeration system, depending on the specific requirements and application.

Operating principle of 1-stage compression refrigeration system diagram

The schematic diagram of a single-stage compression refrigeration system is carried out through four basic stages:

Stage 1: After leaving the evaporator, the refrigerant vapor will be immediately sucked back by the compressor. Here, the refrigerant vapor will be compressed into high temperature and pressure vapor, then sent to the condenser.
Stage 2: At the condenser, the high-pressure steam releases heat to the environment to cool air, water, or both. After this process, the high-pressure steam condenses into high-pressure liquid and is transferred to the expansion device.
Stage 3: In the throttling device, the high-pressure liquid is reduced in temperature and pressure to a low-pressure liquid. This liquid then moves directly to the evaporator.
Stage 4: At the evaporator, the refrigerant will receive heat from the environment that needs to be cooled, then boil into vapor and be sucked back by the compressor.

After stage four the cycle will continue to repeat.

Operating principle of 1-stage compression refrigeration system diagram

How does the cooling environment of a single-stage refrigeration system work?

In a single-stage refrigeration system, the refrigerant is created through two methods: sudden pressure drop for the high-pressure gas stream and refrigerant phase change.

Let the high pressure air flow suddenly drop in pressure

To accomplish this, the refrigeration system uses an expansion valve or a throttling valve. When using a valve, a sudden reduction in pressure for a gas or liquid occurs without generating power. This is accomplished through the throttling process.

Switch to cooling

In addition to sudden pressure drop, phase change refrigeration is also a popular method nowadays to create a refrigerant medium in a single-stage refrigeration system. In this method, matter changes from one phase to another, in which heat is absorbed or released during the phase change (phase transition heat).

Due to this property, vapor refrigeration equipment has been manufactured and widely used in the market. The liquefied gas vaporizes inside the evaporator to produce cold air by absorbing heat from the contact environment.

Diverse applications of single-stage compression refrigeration systems

The applicability of the current 1-level refrigeration system cannot be denied. Most factories, cold storage, supermarkets and shopping malls today all use single-stage compression refrigeration systems to serve the needs of cooling and air conditioning. Typical applications of this system include:

Vegetable and fruit cooling system in shopping malls and supermarkets.
Ice maker.
Factory.
Frozen seafood and aquatic products warehouse.
Cold storage of factories and workshops.
Warehouse.

Refrigeration systems are widely used in supermarkets.

With advantages and common applications, understanding the structure, operating principles and applications of single stage refrigeration system diagram will bring many practical benefits to both individuals and businesses. If you need to use this system in your business, please contact reputable consulting and installation units such as Tan Long. With many years of experience and a team of highly skilled technicians, Tan Long is sure to bring you satisfaction in quality and price.

Từ sơ đồ tới hệ thống chạy thật

Sơ đồ nguyên lý chỉ trả lời được câu hỏi hệ thống hoạt động ra sao. Khi bước sang một dự án thật, quyết định nằm ở tải nhiệt tính theo điều kiện cụ thể, chọn môi chất, chọn thiết bị và bố trí mặt bằng — những thứ không suy ra được từ sơ đồ.

Đang chuẩn bị đầu tư và cần tính đúng công suất: xem cold storage design consulting.
Đã có mặt bằng và cần một đầu mối làm trọn gói: xem nhà thầu thi công kho lạnh.
Hệ thống đang chạy nhưng hao điện hoặc không xuống nhiệt: xem refrigeration system maintenance.
Cần thiết bị cho cụm máy: xem industrial refrigeration compressors.

Câu hỏi thường gặp về hệ thống lạnh một cấp

Hệ thống lạnh một cấp là gì?

Là hệ thống trong đó môi chất được nén một lần duy nhất từ áp suất bay hơi lên thẳng áp suất ngưng tụ, không qua giai đoạn nén trung gian.

Khi nào dùng hệ thống một cấp là phù hợp?

Khi tỷ số nén giữa áp suất ngưng tụ và áp suất bay hơi còn nằm trong giới hạn hợp lý — điển hình là kho mát, kho bảo quản ở dải nhiệt không quá sâu và các hệ điều hoà.

Hệ thống một cấp có ưu điểm gì?

Cấu tạo đơn giản, ít thiết bị nên chi phí đầu tư và bảo trì thấp hơn, dễ vận hành và ít điểm có thể phát sinh sự cố so với hệ nhiều cấp.

Vì sao không dùng một cấp cho kho cấp đông âm sâu?

Vì tỷ số nén khi đó quá lớn, làm nhiệt độ đầu đẩy tăng cao gây hỏng dầu bôi trơn và van, đồng thời hiệu suất giảm mạnh. Trường hợp này cần hệ hai cấp hoặc cascade.

Sơ đồ hệ thống một cấp gồm những thiết bị nào?

Máy nén, thiết bị ngưng tụ, bình chứa, phin lọc, van tiết lưu và thiết bị bay hơi, cùng các thiết bị phụ như bình tách lỏng, bình tách dầu và hệ van, thiết bị đo, bảo vệ.