Cold storage is an indispensable solution in modern industries such as food, medicine, and many other fields. cold storage design requires meticulousness and a deep understanding of many technical and environmental factors. This article, Tan Long will help you better understand cold storage design, from the advantages, common types of cold storage, to factors to note and detailed calculation methods when cold storage design.
Advantages of industrial cold storage compared to traditional warehouses
Cold storage Considered one of the effective product preservation solutions, applied to many different types of goods such as vegetables, fruits, pharmaceuticals, vaccines, meat, seafood, eggs, milk, and many other products.
In the environment cold storage, products and goods are stored at low temperatures, which inhibits the activity of bacteria and microorganisms that cause spoilage. This not only maintains product quality but also minimizes the need to use other preservatives.
Cold storage with the mission of optimizing the preservation of goods in industries, possessing many outstanding advantages compared to conventional refrigerators. Specifically, cold storage can:
- Store a wide variety of products and goods.
- Maximum savings on installation costs.
- Reduce more than 30% of electricity consumption costs for businesses.
- Easy to disassemble, clean and maintain.
- Ability to store food and goods in large quantities.
- Preserve goods and food for long periods of time.
- Cold storage temperature can be adjusted according to usage needs and suitable for each type of goods.
Classification of some common types of cold storage today
Based on characteristics cold storage design, size, preservation function and temperature, people classify cold storage into the following types:
On the market today, there are many different types of cold storage. Based on design features, size, preservation function and temperature, cold storage are divided into the following basic types:
Sort by size
Cold storage design usually based on the quantity of goods or products that need to be stored. cold storage Usually have capacity in tons of meat, such as 150 MT, 50 MT, 100 MT warehouse, etc.
Classification by design features
Cold storage designed according to two main architectural types:
- Construction warehouse: It is a type of warehouse that is built and has layers of insulation inside.
- Panel warehouse: This type of cold storage is made up of insulated panels assembled together and connected by camlock.
Classification by temperature
Currently, there are five types of cold storage:
- Cold storage: Used to preserve frozen goods, mainly products of animal origin.
- Cold storage: Specialized in preserving agricultural products or vegetables and fruits.
- Multi-purpose warehouse: Capable of preserving a wide range of goods at temperatures of around -12 degrees Celsius.
- Ice storage: Minimum storage temperature is -4 degrees C.
- Cold storage: Storage temperature is 0 degrees Celsius, used to cool goods before moving to another processing stage.
Classification by preservation function
Cold storage divided into four main types:
- Preliminary cold storage: Used for pre-cooling or preserving goods and food at processing plants before moving to another processing stage.
- Cold storage processing: Used in processing plants to preserve food in large capacity.
- Commercial warehouse: Preserve the goods and products being sold by the business on the market.
- Cold storage distribution: Used to supply food to cities or residential areas with long-term storage capacity.
- Living warehouse: Used in households, hotels, restaurants.
- Transport warehouse: Usually installed on trains or ships used for fishing.
Factors to consider in cold storage design
When cold storage design, you need to pay attention to the following issues:
Choose a location to build a cold storage design
Choosing a construction site is one of the very important factors when building. cold storage, as this affects the durability and structure of the warehouse when put into use.
When considering a location, you should evaluate the geographical and topographical parameters. In particular, you should not ignore factors such as surrounding residential areas and weather conditions. These factors will help you come up with a plan. cold storage design most suitable to reality. From there, you can achieve high efficiency, save construction costs and not affect the surrounding living environment.
Climate and geographical parameters
These parameters help cold storage design ensure safety and good operation in all climatic conditions, especially in harsh climatic environments. Geographical and meteorological parameters recorded over many years are important factors that you need to pay attention to. This information will help you cold storage design ensure high safety, suitable for the most severe climates. These are important figures in ensuring cold storage can operate effectively in all climatic conditions.
Choose the right temperature
In theory, the lower the storage temperature of frozen products and goods, the better their quality will be, and the longer their storage time will be. However, this is not entirely accurate, as the storage temperature depends on the specific product. It should be noted that low storage temperatures mean higher refrigeration costs, which can reduce economic efficiency and increase operating costs.
To select cold storage temperature suitable, you need to consider the storage time. If you want to store goods for a long time, you need to cold storage design with low temperature.
In European countries, storage temperatures are usually set at -30 degrees Celsius. Some goods can be stored at higher temperatures if the storage time is not long. For example, lean fish are often stored at temperature -20 degrees Celsius, while fatty fish are preserved at -30 degrees C.
In Vietnam, the storage temperature regulations for frozen seafood are from -18 degrees C to -25 degrees C. These parameters are essential if you are learning about how to cold storage designTherefore, you need to base on the time and type of goods to be stored to determine the appropriate temperature for cold storage.
Warehouse design structure
Cold storage structure is an important factor in design and operation. If not carefully designed, cold storage may suffer from thermal leakage or ineffective moisture insulation. These problems will lead to unstable and fluctuating temperatures in the warehouse. As a result, melting can occur, causing damage to the stored products. Therefore, ensuring a strong and efficient cold storage structure is essential to maintain product quality.
Storage mode inside the warehouse
Internal storage mode cold storage including factors such as air velocity, humidity and temperature. These factors have a direct impact on the quality of food preservation. Therefore, you need to determine and calculate these parameters appropriately to ensure the best preservation of goods.
For products that are not moisture-proof packaged, when cold storage design, you should maintain the air humidity at around 95%. As for items that are moisture-proof packaged, the air humidity in the warehouse should be kept at around 85 to 90%.
Construction method type
Either traditional or modern design methods can be used. Modern methods use panel Insulated to technical standards, assembled on the roof and frame to form a cold storage.
When cold storage design, You can choose between modern or traditional methods. Traditional methods often have many disadvantages and do not guarantee effectiveness after being put into operation.
On the contrary, the modern method brings many more outstanding advantages. This method applies new technologies in design, helping to create cold storage not only save effort and cost but also ensure quality. Usually, cold storage design modern use insulation panel meet technical standards, then assembled on the roof and frame foundation to form a cold storage.
Select the right machines and equipment from stock
To select equipment and machinery when cold storage design, you need to rely on the refrigerant, capacity and refrigeration cycle used. Specifically as follows:
- 2 stage piston compressor: Because the air temperature in the cold storage is always low, the first stage compressor is not capable of operating effectively with NH3 (ammonia). Therefore, the second stage compressor is the most optimal choice.
- Condensing equipment: It is recommended to choose a horizontal shell and tube condenser to ensure working efficiency.
- Throttle valve: Select diaphragm throttle valve with external balance design to maintain best operating performance.
- Evaporative condenser: Select 3 evaporators, each equipped with 3 fans with equal capacity to ensure even temperature distribution in the warehouse.
Power source in warehouse design
For the cold storage to operate efficiently and durably for a long time, installing a suitable power source is very important. For warehouses with refrigeration machines with a capacity of less than 5kW, a single-phase grid power source should be used. Conversely, for warehouses with larger capacity and area, a three-phase grid power source should be used.
In addition, a separate power supply is required to avoid phase deviation, helping to minimize the risk of problems during operation.
How to calculate to effectively construct industrial cold storage
How to calculate warehouse volume
In this section we will give detailed instructions on how to calculate the estimated volume before industrial cold storage construction.
Formula for calculating volume: V = E / gv
In there:
- V: Volume (m³)
- E: Expected yield (tons)
- teacher: Warehouse loading rate (ton/m³)
How to calculate loading area when installing cold storage
Formula for calculating cold storage load area: F= V / h
In there:
- F: Loading area (m²)
- V: Warehouse volume (m³)
- h: Loading height (m)
Loading height (h) h1=H−2δ
In there:
- H: Overall height of warehouse
- δ: Insulation thickness
The main loading height is the actual height minus the space needed for air circulation, which must be at least from 500-800 mm.
How to choose materials for installing industrial cold storage
Choose a warehouse shell
Choose the panel that suits your needs, there are 4 types on the market panel is PS, EPS, PU, and PIR. Of which, EPS, PU, and PIR is highly appreciated for its standard technical parameters for cold storage construction.
Choosing a refrigeration compressor
Refrigeration compressor plays an important role in determining the quality of your products and costs. There are many large and small refrigeration compressor brands on the market from many different countries, with large price differences. However, you should choose quality products commensurate with the price to ensure the best efficiency.
Technical requirements for warehouse construction
To avoid moisture and reduce noise, the cluster compressor must be installed on solid reinforced concrete foundations. This is an important factor to ensure safety and stable operation of the cold storage.
Be careful when choosing a compressor
In the Vietnamese market, it is not uncommon for large and small contractors to use refrigeration compressor used machines but sell them to customers as new machines at high prices. These units can make them themselves. CO, CQ fake to prove the machine is new 100%. This is very difficult to recognize for inexperienced people.
However, old compressor will have a lower lifespan and durability, resulting in higher costs and repairs, negatively affecting your products and business processes. Choosing the right refrigeration compressor is very important. You need to know how to distinguish old compressor and new to ensure reasonable and effective investment.
Other equipment and supplies
In addition to the compressor, you also need to pay attention to other equipment and supplies such as:
- LED lights: Helps save energy and provide effective lighting in cold storage.
- PVC insulation film: Helps maintain stable temperature and prevents heat loss.
- Throttle valve and solenoid valve: Ensure control and regulation of refrigerant flow.
- Copper tube: Ensures efficient refrigerant transfer.
- Refrigerant gas (R404A, R407, NH3, R22): Choose the right gas for your cold storage system.
Choosing and using these equipment and supplies correctly will help. cold storage yours to work more efficiently and last longer.
Tan Long - The best cold storage design and construction unit today
Currently, cold storage plays an important role in the food processing industry. Tan Long is a reputable supplier Cold storage design and construction services Professional with many outstanding advantages:
- Construction according to technical standards: Commit cold storage design meet technical standards and bring high efficiency when put into operation.
- Competitive price, good service: Providing design and construction services with competitive costs and high efficiency.
- Warranty, long-term maintenance: Warranty and maintenance are thoughtful and quick, ensuring no damage to customers.
Tan Long has 20 years of experience in the field Design and installation of cold storage systems For business owners, we have many tips to help you save on installation costs and increase investment efficiency. Contact us now via hotline 0933.357.058 for free consultation.
Job cold storage design requires a thorough understanding and calculation of many different factors. Hopefully the above article has provided you with useful information to be able to design an effective cold storage that suits your needs. Don't forget to contact Tan Long For consultation and design services, cold storage construction most professional today.
