Use cold storage system is an optimal and popular food preservation method today. So what parts does a cold storage freezing system consist of and cold storage operating principle How? For more details, please refer to the following article of Tan Long!
Detailed introduction to the operating principles of standard cold storage
To operate a cold storage system effective, safe and economical, the first important thing is to understand clearly cold storage operating principle. So how does this system work?
Cold storage mainly use forced air convection cooling method, with frozen products placed in trays or on freezers. These cars are usually made of stainless steel and designed with many floors, with a large enough distance to ensure that cold air can circulate through the product trays.
The cold air will circulate through the gaps between the trays and perform heat exchange. This process takes place on two sides: the upper side will exchange directly with the product, while the lower side will conduct heat into the goods through the freezer trays.
The air temperature in the freezing chamber can reach -35 degrees C, helping to shorten freezing time. Specifically, bulk products take about 3 hours per batch, while block products need from 7 to 9 hours.
Condenser belong to cold storage can be installed on the ground or hung from above. For large capacity cold storage, it is often chosen to install on the ground due to the volume. condenser quite heavy. Conversely, if hung high, it is necessary to design a sturdy bracket on the panel ceiling.
Condenser Often frost accumulates due to fresh or exposed frozen goods. Therefore, regular defrosting is required, but users should avoid overdoing it, as each defrosting can cause heat loss and prolong the cooling time. Water defrosting of the evaporator is preferred to minimize these problems.
Structural diagram and cold storage operating principle considered easy to manufacture and simple. Cold storage has the ability to cool and store large amounts of frozen goods quickly, so it is increasingly popular in today's industry.
Schematic diagram of cold storage operation
Diagram cold storage operating principle include:
The operating diagram of the cold storage needs to be designed and constructed properly, following the process, to ensure the warehouse system operates continuously, safely and at optimal cost.
Freezing system
Freezing system operates on the basis of the cooling method through the circulation of forced convection air. Block or loose frozen products such as fruits and vegetables are placed on trays and then loaded into freezer trucks for storage.
Freezer refrigeration system
As mentioned, condenser of the freezer can be hung on the wall or placed on the floor. Usually, in these cold storage have large capacity, condenser will be placed on the floor. If installed overhead, a sturdy mounting bracket must be used to support the indoor unit on the ceiling or in buildings.
Defrost the evaporator properly
Diagram cold storage operating principle shows that condenser often covered with frost due to fresh frozen products such as exposed seafood. Therefore, it is necessary to defrost periodically during storage. However, the defrosting process should not be abused, because each defrosting can cause heat loss. The water defrosting method allows freezer is currently popular.
Cold storage operating circuit
Cold storage electrical circuit diagram are applied to many different systems. Here are some common circuits that you may not know: compressor oil heater circuit, oil flow fault circuit, oil level fault circuit, compressor overload fault circuit and high pressure, low pressure fault circuit.
Schematic diagram of cold storage refrigeration system
The figure below shows the schematic diagram. refrigeration system of cold storage using R22 refrigerant.
Note:
- Compressor
- Container
- Condenser
- Oil separator
- Liquid separator HN
- Condenser
- GN Tower
- GN water pump
- Intermediate tank
- Filter
- Water tank
- Defrost pump
Instructions for operation and maintenance of refrigeration systems
Temperature controller
Check setting value:
- Press ▲: Upper limit temperature
- Press ▼: Lower limit temperature
- Press “Set”: Defrost cycle
- Press “Rst”: Defrost time
Change setting value:
- Press and hold “Set” for 3 seconds to enter Menu (F1 to F6).
- Use ▼ or ▲ to select the item to change.
- Press and hold “Set” to display the value, then press ▲ or ▼ to adjust.
Items and functions:
- F1: Upper temperature limit (default -10°C)
- F2: Lower temperature limit (default -20°C)
- F3: Calibration level (default 0°C)
- F4: Defrost cycle (default 8 hours)
- F5: Defrost time (default 20 minutes)
- F6: Warning temperature (default 20°C)
Example of adjusting F1:
- Hold “Set” ≥ 3 seconds, display 'F1'.
- Press “Set” to adjust F1.
- Hold “Set” and press ▲ or ▼ to change the temperature.
- Save settings with “Rst” or wait 30 seconds.
Refrigeration system operation
Prepare to run the machine
- Step 1: Check the voltage with a voltmeter. If the error is within the rated ±10%, do not run the machine. Check the phase of the three-phase motor.
- Step 2: Check the electrical control cabinet, equipment status and operating parameters.
- Step 3: Check the compressor lubricating oil level through the sight glass. If below 3/4 of the glass, add oil.
- Step 4: Check the status of the valves on the pipeline, make sure the compression stop valves are open.
Start the machine
- Turn on the main circuit breaker and the devices that need to run.
- Turn the device switches to AUTO mode.
- Press the START button to begin.
- Slowly open the compressor suction stop valve to avoid liquid flooding and overcurrent.
- Listen to the engine, stop immediately if there is an unusual noise or a lot of fog.
- Monitor compressor current, adjust suction stop valve if current is too large.
- Check system pressure: Pk ≤ 16 kg/cm2, Ph = 2.5 ÷ 3 kg/cm2.
- Record operating parameters every hour (pressure, temperature, current…).
Stop the compressor
Normal stop:
- Turn off the liquid supply switch for the evaporator system.
- When the suction pressure is low, press the STOP button to stop the machine or wait for the LP low pressure relay to operate.
- Turn off the circuit breaker and close the electrical cabinet door.
Stop when problem occurs:
- Press the STOP button immediately.
- Turn off the main circuit breaker.
- Troubleshoot and press the RESET button to restore operation.
Long-term stop:
- Vacuum the refrigerant and return it to the high pressure tank.
- Turn off the circuit breaker and lock the electrical cabinet.
How cold storage works
Cold storage, also known as cold storage, play an important role in the food and frozen goods supply chain. They help preserve perishable products, ensure food safety and maintain product quality. To better understand cold storage operating principle, we will explore how they work to maintain the proper temperature, creating the ideal environment for storing food and goods.
Cooling system
Basic operating principle of cold storage involves creating a cold environment to preserve products. The refrigeration system is a key element in this process, typically consisting of components such as compressor, temperature sensor, heat exchanger and refrigeration circuit.
Compressor is the heart of the system, responsible for compressing the refrigerant into a liquid, then releasing it from the compressor to cool the space in the warehouse. The temperature sensor monitors the temperature in the warehouse and controls the operation of the compressor to maintain a stable temperature.
Refrigerant type
Refrigerants are substances that absorb heat and cool the space in a warehouse. Common refrigerants include ammonia (NH3), freon, propane, and CO2. Each type of refrigerant has its own advantages and limitations, and the choice of which one depends on the specific requirements of the cold storage.
Principle of refrigeration
Principle of refrigeration of cold storage is based on the basic principles of thermodynamics. As the refrigerant changes from a liquid to a vapor state, it absorbs heat from the surrounding environment, making the environment colder.
This process begins at the compressor, where the refrigerant is compressed into a liquid, creating a higher temperature. The liquid is then transferred to the heat exchanger, where a lower temperature is created and maintained in the cold storage to cool the interior space.
How to maintain the right temperature
Maintaining the correct temperature in cold storage is essential to ensure that food and goods are kept safe and their quality is not compromised. This often requires the use of intelligent temperature controllers and temperature sensing systems.
Temperature controllers are set to maintain a constant temperature in the warehouse. When the temperature starts to rise or fall from the preset value, the controller activates the compressor to adjust the temperature to the desired level.
Fan system
The fan system also plays an important role in cold storage. Fans help circulate air in the warehouse, ensuring that the temperature is evenly distributed throughout the space. This is especially necessary for large cold storages with many compartments or floors.
How to refrigerate goods
In cold storage, goods are usually placed on shelves or pallets. To cool goods effectively, fans are often used to circulate cold air around the goods, helping to preserve the goods at a low and even temperature.
Humidity preservation
Keep moisture in cold storage Humidity is also important. If the humidity is too high, it can lead to spoilage of goods and food. Therefore, cold storages are often equipped with humidity control systems to maintain the ideal environment.
Regular inspection and maintenance
Finally, to ensure that the cold storage facility operates efficiently and safely, regular inspection and maintenance are necessary. System components such as compressors, fans, and temperature sensors need to be inspected and maintained regularly to ensure they are operating properly.
Tan Long - Prestigious quality cold storage installation unit
Design and installation of industrial cold storage requires assistance from professional and experienced technicians. If you need cold storage installation cheap price, please contact Tan Long immediately - the leading supplier of industrial products and services in Vietnam.
Benefits of choosing services at Tan Long:
- Cold storage equipment is imported directly from developed countries, ensuring excellent operating capacity and quality.
- Thorough advice on refrigeration equipment to suit your needs.
Tan Long provides detailed information on the operating principles of cold storage, ensuring to provide cheap but high-quality cold storage installation services. We commit to long-term technical and machinery warranties, professional repair and operation, optimizing construction costs for businesses.
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